The 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season was the worst ever. By March 2020, 18.6 million hectares were burnt, 2,779 houses destroyed, and 34 lives lost. Nearly 3 billion animals were either killed or displaced.
Climate change makes bushfires worse. It’s key to know how to design a bushfire-resistant home in Australia to keep your family and property safe.
A bushfire-resistant home uses fire-resistant building materials and techniques. These homes meet strict Australian building codes. They can survive even the worst bushfires.
By choosing a bushfire-resistant home, you lower the risk of damage and loss of life during a bushfire.
In this guide from Sustainable Home Magazine, we’ll cover bushfire-resistant homes in Australia. We’ll talk about Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) ratings, fire-resistant materials, and design principles. We’ll also discuss bushfire preparedness and how to make your current home more fire-resistant.
Understanding bushfire-resistant construction helps you make smart choices when building or renovating in Australia’s fire-prone areas.
Table of Contents
Key Takeaways to Design a bushfire-resistant Home in Australia
- Bushfire-resistant homes are designed and built to withstand the intense heat, flames, and embers generated by bushfires.
- These homes comply with strict Australian building codes and standards, ensuring they can survive severe bushfire conditions.
- Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) ratings assess the risk level for homes in bushfire-prone areas, ranging from LOW to BAL FZ (Flame Zone).
- Fire-resistant building materials, such as steel frames, fire-resistant timbers, and external metal shutters, are crucial components of bushfire-resistant homes.
- Proper bushfire preparedness, including maintaining defensible space and installing sprinkler systems, can further protect your home and family during a bushfire event.
Defining Bushfire Resistance for Australian Homes
In Australia, making your home bushfire-resistant is key to keeping your family and property safe. With more extreme fires, knowing what makes a home safe is vital. You also need to follow building codes for wildfire zones.
The Role of Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) Ratings in Australia
The Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) rating system is crucial for building safe homes in Australia. It shows how well a home can handle ember attacks, radiant heat, and flames. The ratings go from BAL LOW (very low risk) to BAL FZ (extreme risk). Each level has specific building rules in the Australian Standard 3959 (AS 3959).
| Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) | Description |
|---|---|
| BAL LOW | Very low risk of bushfire attack |
| BAL 12.5 | Low risk of ember attack |
| BAL 19 | Moderate risk of ember attack and radiant heat up to 19 kW/m² |
| BAL 29 | High risk of ember attack and radiant heat up to 29 kW/m² |
| BAL 40 | Very high risk of ember attack and radiant heat up to 40 kW/m² |
| BAL FZ | Extreme risk of ember attack, radiant heat, and direct flame contact |
Key Features of Australian Bushfire-Resistant Homes
Australian homes must have special features to fight off bushfires. These include:
- Non-combustible materials for roofing, walls, and decks
- Ember-proof screens on windows, doors, and vents
- Careful detailing to prevent ember entry points
- Adequate defensible space around the home
- Fire-resistant landscaping and vegetation management
Compliance with Australian Bushfire Building Standards
To keep homes safe in bushfire areas, following Australian building standards is key. The main standard is AS 3959, which is part of the National Construction Code (NCC). Builders, designers, and homeowners must follow these rules to make homes that can face Australian bushfires.
By understanding BAL ratings, adding key features, and following building standards, Australians can make homes that can survive bushfires.
Why Build a Bushfire-Resistant Home in Australia?
Building a home that can withstand bushfires is key in Australia. It keeps your family, property, and the environment safe. With more and worse bushfires, it’s important to act now to protect your home and loved ones.
Protecting Your Family and Property in Australia’s Fire-Prone Areas
Living in a fire-prone area in Australia means you need to be ready. A well-made bushfire-resistant home can be a safe place for your family. Using fire-resistant materials and creating a safe area around your home can help it survive a fire.
Economic Benefits of Bushfire-Resistant Construction in Australia
Building a fire-resistant home is good for your wallet too. By 2030, many homes might not be insurable because of climate change. A fire-resistant home can lower your insurance costs. Plus, it saves money on repairs if a fire happens.
Reducing Environmental Damage and design a bushfire-resistant Home in Australia
Bushfires harm the environment a lot. They destroy homes and add to carbon emissions. Fire-safe homes can stop fires from spreading, protecting nature and wildlife.
Australian Insurance Benefits for Bushfire-Resistant Homes
Insurance companies in Australia give discounts for fire-resistant homes. Homes that meet Australian standards can get better insurance deals. This means more financial security for you.
| Benefit | Description |
|---|---|
| Family Safety | A bushfire-resistant home provides a safe haven for your family during a bushfire emergency. |
| Property Protection | Bushfire-resistant construction reduces the risk of damage and loss to your property. |
| Economic Savings | Investing in bushfire-resistant construction can lower insurance premiums and reduce long-term repair costs. |
| Environmental Benefits | Fire-safe homes help minimize the spread and intensity of bushfires, reducing their impact on the environment. |
Building a fire-resistant home in Australia is smart. It keeps your family, property, and the environment safe. By focusing on fire safety, you can feel more secure during a bushfire.
How to Choose Fire-Resistant Materials for Australian Homes
Building a home that can withstand bushfires in Australia is key. It keeps your home safe and your family protected. Since most homes in Australia are not ready for bushfires, picking the right materials is very important.
Choosing the right roofing is a big deal. Corrugated metal roofing is great for homes in danger zones. It keeps out embers and heat. Sustainable Home Magazine says it’s also good for the planet and saves energy.
Best Roofing Materials for Australian Bushfire Zones
- Corrugated metal roofing
- Terracotta or concrete tiles
- Slate or shingle tiles with fire-resistant underlayment
- Fiber-cement roofing sheets
Fire-Resistant Wall Cladding Options in Australia
There are many safe wall cladding options for homes. Brick, stone, and concrete are top choices because they don’t burn. Fiber cement is also popular for being light, strong, and safe from fires.
Australian Regulations for Windows and Doors in Bushfire Zones
Windows and doors are weak spots in a home’s defense. They can let embers and heat in. Australian rules say homes in danger zones must have fire-safe windows and doors. Metal shutters, aluminum or metal-reinforced PVC frames, and fire-resistant glass are good choices.
Over 90% of homes lost in bushfires are due to ember attacks that exploit ignitable materials and start spot fires.
Fire-Retardant Insulation Options for Australian Homes
Insulation keeps your home cozy and adds fire protection. Choose non-combustible materials like fiberglass, mineral wool, or cellulose with fire retardants. They help prevent fires and make your home more energy-efficient.
| Material | Fire Resistance | Environmental Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Corrugated Metal Roofing | High | Low |
| Brick Wall Cladding | High | Moderate |
| Aluminum Window Frames | High | Moderate |
| Mineral Wool Insulation | High | Low |
Choosing the right materials for your home’s roof, walls, windows, doors, and insulation is key. It lowers the risk of damage in a bushfire. Always follow Australian building codes and get advice from experts to make sure your home is safe.
Where to Build a Bushfire-Resistant Home in Australia?
Choosing the right spot for a bushfire-resistant home in Australia is key. Different states have different bushfire risks. Knowing your area’s bushfire zones is crucial.
Think about site selection, urban vs. rural risks, and natural landscapes. These help make your home safer from fires.
Identifying Bushfire Zones in Australian States and Territories
Each state in Australia has its own way to classify bushfire zones. These zones depend on vegetation, topography, and past fires. To find your property’s zone, contact your state’s authorities.
- New South Wales: NSW Rural Fire Service
- Victoria: VicPlan
- Queensland: Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
- Western Australia: Department of Fire and Emergency Services
- South Australia: South Australian Country Fire Service
- Tasmania: Tasmanian Fire Service
- Australian Capital Territory: ACT Emergency Services Agency
- Northern Territory: Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service
Site Selection in Australia’s Most Bushfire-Prone Regions
When picking a site for your home, consider these:
- Stay away from dense bushland and forests.
- Avoid steep slopes and gullies.
- Make sure you have access to water for fighting fires.
- Have multiple ways to leave quickly if a fire starts.
“Selecting a site with natural fire breaks, such as rock formations or bodies of water, can provide additional protection for your bushfire-resistant home.” – Sustainable Home Magazine
Urban vs. Rural Bushfire Risk: What to Consider in Australia
Rural areas face higher bushfire risks, but cities aren’t safe either. In cities, think about:
- Ember attacks can start fires far from the main blaze.
- Keep your area around the house clear of flammable stuff.
- Work with neighbors to get ready for fires together.
Utilizing Natural Landscapes to Protect Homes in Australia
Using natural features can help protect your home. Think about:
- Rock formations can stop fires from spreading.
- Water features like ponds can help fight fires and keep your home safe.
- Choose plants that don’t catch fire easily.
| Bushfire Zone | Risk Level | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| BAL-Low | Low | Maintain a clear space around the home and use fire-resistant materials |
| BAL-12.5 | Moderate | Use fire-resistant materials for exterior walls, roofs, and decks |
| BAL-19 | High | Use fire-resistant materials and maintain a larger clear space around the home |
| BAL-29 | Very High | Use fire-resistant materials, maintain a substantial clear space, and consider sprinkler systems |
| BAL-40 | Extreme | Use fire-resistant materials, maintain an extensive clear space, and incorporate multiple protection measures |
| BAL-FZ | Flame Zone | Consult with professionals to determine the feasibility of building in this zone and implement the highest level of protection |
Understanding bushfire zones and using natural landscapes are key. Always talk to local experts and Sustainable Home Magazine for the latest advice on building in fire-prone areas.
The Role of Landscaping in Australian Bushfire-Resistant Design
Landscape design is key to keeping Australian homes safe from bushfires. The 2019-2020 Black Summer bushfires hit nearly 80 percent of Australians hard. They killed 33 people and destroyed over 3,000 homes. Knowing how to landscape can help fight these dangers.
Creating Defensible Space Around Your Australian Home
To protect your home, create a defensible space. This means keeping your yard free from things that can catch fire. The Victorian Country Fire Authority (CFA) has tips for this:
- Keep a 5m gap between your house and garden
- Set your house back from native trees
- Regularly clean gutters and remove any accumulated fuel
- Use decorative paving, gravel, or stone around buildings to keep plants away from vulnerable parts
- Avoid using loose, dry mulch near your home
Fire-Safe Planting for Australian Gardens
Choosing the right plants can lower bushfire risks. A study by Hort Innovation looked at three common grasses in Australia. It found that well-kept lawns are hard to catch fire unless they’re very dry.
When picking plants, think about their moisture and volatile oils. Also, choose plants that are small and don’t spread out too much.
The CFA recommends using “firewise” plants in risky areas. They have a Plant Selection Key to help pick the right plants.
Firebreaks and Vegetation Management in Australia
Firebreaks and managing plants are key to fire safety. Firebreaks slow down or stop fires. They can be made by removing plants or using non-flammable materials.
Good plant management means:
- Clearing ground fuel
- Pruning plants with low-hanging branches
- Replacing dead or diseased plants
- Keeping plants well-hydrated
- Ensuring proper installation of turf to promote a well-formed root system
Landscaping Regulations for Australian Bushfire Zones
In Australia, there are rules for landscaping in fire-prone areas. These rules vary by state and council. They cover things like tree spacing and keeping your yard clear.
It’s important to know and follow these rules. They help keep your home and community safe.
While a well-designed landscape can significantly reduce the risk of bushfires, it is important to remember that no garden will provide complete protection. As the CFA warns, leaving early is always the safest option during a bushfire.
By using landscape design for fire safety, you can protect your home and family. Creating a defensible space is a big step in this.
Retrofitting an Existing Australian Home for Bushfire Resistance
Many people in Australia live in areas at high risk of bushfires. Up to a million homes are at risk. Improving your home’s fire resistance is key. You can make your home safer from embers, heat, and flames.
Upgrading Roofing for Bushfire Resistance in Australia
Embers can cause up to 90 percent of house loss in bushfires. So, protecting your roof from embers is crucial. Use metal vents and flues with seals or mesh in high-risk areas.
Replace flammable roofs with fire-resistant ones like metal or tiles. This helps protect your home from embers.
Window and Door Improvements for Australian Bushfire Protection
Radiant heat can break glass and ignite wood at high temperatures. Use metal shutters, toughened glass, and seals on windows and doors. This stops embers and heat from getting in.
Seal any gaps or cracks over two millimeters to stop embers from getting in. This helps prevent your home from catching fire.
Installing Bushfire Sprinkler Systems in Australia
A sprinkler system with 300kpa water pressure can protect your home from embers and heat. It’s not a full solution but adds extra protection. Think about adding a sprinkler system to your home’s fire safety plan.
| Retrofitting Measure | Cost Range (AUD) | Bushfire Protection Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Metal Roofing | $50-$100 per square meter | Resistance to ember attack and radiant heat |
| Toughened Glass Windows | $200-$500 per window | Increased resistance to radiant heat and flame |
| Bushfire Sprinkler System | $5,000-$10,000 for a typical home | Additional protection from ember attack and radiant heat |
Retrofitting Cladding for Older Australian Homes
Many older homes in Australia lack bushfire protection. Adding fire-resistant cladding, like fiber cement or metal, can make them safer. While it’s expensive, it’s worth it for your home’s safety and value.
“Retrofitting homes for greater bushfire resilience is not just about protecting property; it’s about safeguarding lives and communities. By taking proactive steps to improve the fire resistance of our homes, we can help mitigate the devastating impact of bushfires in Australia.” – Sustainable Home Magazine
In high-risk areas, bushfire bunkers might be considered for safety. But, focus first on making your home safer. Use low or no-flammable materials around your property.
Legal Requirements for Building Bushfire-Resistant Homes in Australia
Building a bushfire-resistant home in Australia means following strict legal rules. These rules help keep your home and family safe. After big fires like the 2009 Black Saturday fires in Victoria, new rules were made to protect better.
Understanding Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL) in Australia
Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL) help figure out how safe a place is from fires. The BAL system, based on Australian Standard AS 3959, sets building rules for fire-prone areas. Each BAL level shows how much risk there is, like how hot the fire might get.
| BAL Rating | Risk Level | Radiant Heat Exposure (kW/m²) |
|---|---|---|
| BAL-LOW | Low | ≤ 12.5 |
| BAL-12.5 | Low | ≤ 12.5 |
| BAL-19 | Moderate | 12.5 – 19 |
| BAL-29 | High | 19 – 29 |
| BAL-40 | Very High | 29 – 40 |
| BAL-FZ | Extreme | > 40 |
Australian Building Codes and Standards for Bushfire Protection
The Building Code of Australia (BCA) uses the Australian Standard AS 3959 for building in fire-prone areas. The latest rules for building in fire-prone areas is Planning for Bush Fire Protection (PBP) 2019. This was adopted on 1 March 2020.
States and territories across Australia have their own rules based on these codes:
- Queensland, Northern Territory, and Australian Capital Territory use AS 3959-2009 as is.
- New South Wales has its own rules for building in fire-prone areas.
- Tasmania has extra rules for vehicles and water supply in addition to the BCA.
- South Australia has its own rules for building in fire-prone areas.
- Victoria follows Building Amendment (Bushfire Construction) Regulations 2011, with a minimum of BAL-12.5.
- Western Australia has its own rules for building in fire-prone areas.
Permitting Process for Bushfire-Resistant Construction in Australia
The process for getting permits for fire-resistant buildings varies by state. You’ll need to submit plans and BAL assessments to local authorities. Always check with your local council and building experts to follow the latest rules.
Local Council Regulations for Bushfire Zones in Australia
Local councils also have rules for fire zones. These include rules for distance from fires, managing plants, and emergency access. These rules help make areas around homes safe and easy to leave in an emergency.
“The intention of AS 3959-2009 is to enhance building resilience against bushfires and improve overall safety standards.” – Sustainable Home Magazine
By following the legal rules for building fire-resistant homes in Australia, you can keep your family, home, and community safe from fires.
Cost of Building a Bushfire-Resistant Home in Australia
Building a home safe from bushfires in Australia means thinking about the cost. Fire-safe features and materials cost more upfront. But, they offer safety and less damage in a fire.
Budgeting for Fire-Safe Building Materials in Australia
Building a fire-resistant home in Australia needs careful planning. The Project BAL Build study shows costs vary by Bushfire Attack Level (BAL). High levels like BAL 40 and Flame Zone (FZ) cost more.
Plan your budget for these fire-resistant materials:
- Metal roofing
- Non-combustible cladding
- Fire-resistant timbers
- Bushfire shutters
- Ember-proof screens for windows and doors
Cost Comparison: Standard vs. Bushfire-Resistant Construction in Australia
Building a fire-resistant home costs about 22 percent more than a standard one. But, it saves money on energy and damage from fires. For example, it can cost just $3.80 a day to power.
Financial Incentives for Bushfire-Resistant Homes in Australia
Australia offers financial help for fire-resistant homes. This includes:
- Lower insurance for homes with higher BAL ratings
- Grants for making existing homes safer
- Tax breaks for using fire-safe materials and design
Look into these incentives to help with the cost of building a fire-resistant home.
Long-Term Cost Benefits of Building Fire-Resistant Homes in Australia
A fire-resistant home saves money in the long run. It offers safety and can lower insurance and repair costs. It also increases your home’s value.
- Less damage from fires
- Lower insurance costs
- Less need for expensive repairs after a fire
- Higher property value
Building fire-resistant homes lets more people live in biodiverse areas, says research architect Ian Weir.
Work with experts in fire-safe building for your home. For example, Clare Cousins’ Hinge house design meets BAL-29 standards. It’s a good choice for rebuilding after a fire.
Designing your home for fire safety makes it safer and more cost-effective. For more on designing homes for seniors in Australia, visit Sustainable Home Magazine.
Case Studies: Australian Bushfire-Resistant Homes
Learning from homes that survived bushfires in Australia is key. These homes show us how to design and build for safety. You can find out what works best to protect your home and family.
Australian Homes That Survived Bushfires: What Worked?
The Karri Fire House used special walls and concrete slabs to survive a big fire. The Ball-Eastaway House had special gutters and roof tiles to fight fires. These homes show us effective ways to protect our homes.
Choosing green building materials is smart. They are fire-resistant and good for the planet. This way, your home is safe, sustainable, and saves energy.
Lessons from Recent Australian Bushfire Disasters
The 2019-2020 Black Summer fires were very bad. They burned a lot of land and destroyed many homes. But, we learned important lessons for building safe homes.
“We learned that homes built to the highest Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) standards, such as BAL-40 and BAL-FZ, had a much higher survival rate than those built to lower standards or without any specific bushfire protection measures.”
Some key lessons from these fires are:
- Use non-combustible materials like metal, brick, or concrete for the exterior
- Make sure windows and doors are well-sealed to keep out embers
- Keep a safe area around your home, free of flammable stuff
Innovative Fire-Resistant Design in Australian Architecture
Australian designers are always finding new ways to make homes safe from fires. Some ideas include:
- Rammed earth walls, made from compacted soil, are very fire-resistant
- Steel framing is non-combustible and can handle high heat
- Bushfire shutters can close to protect windows and doors
| Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) | Construction Requirements | Estimated Additional Cost |
|---|---|---|
| BAL-Low | No specific bushfire protection measures required | $0 |
| BAL-12.5 | Metal fly screens, thicker glass | $10,000 – $20,000 |
| BAL-29 | Specific cladding requirements | $20,000 – $50,000 |
| BAL-40 | Non-combustible construction | $50,000 – $100,000 |
| BAL-FZ | Ability to protect from direct flame contact | Up to $200,000 |
By using these new ideas and materials, you can make a stylish, safe home. It will protect your family and property well.
Sustainable Building Materials for Bushfire-Prone Areas in Australia
Building a home in bushfire-prone areas in Australia needs careful thought. You must pick materials that are both fire-resistant and eco-friendly. Using local, sustainable materials helps protect the environment and keeps your home safe from fires.
Rammed earth is a great choice for homes. It’s made by packing earth, chalk, lime, or gravel into walls. This method is not only fireproof but also keeps your home cool by storing heat. Plus, using local materials cuts down on carbon emissions and supports local businesses.
Recycled steel framing is another smart choice. It’s fireproof and made from recycled materials, saving raw materials. It’s also strong, light, and won’t get eaten by termites. Adding fire-resistant materials like fiber cement or metal roofing makes your home even safer.
For timber, choose fire-resistant, sustainably harvested woods. Blackbutt, Spotted Gum, and Red Ironbark are good options. They’re strong, look great, and can be used for framing, cladding, and decking.
“Sustainable design is not just about protecting the environment; it’s about creating resilient, adaptable homes that can withstand the challenges of a changing climate.” – Sarah Johnson, Sustainable Home Magazine
Designing sustainably means more than just picking the right materials. Think about how your home is laid out. Use natural light and air to cut down on energy use. Choose energy-saving appliances and water fixtures. Use the sun and shade to keep your home cool without AC.
Building a sustainable, fire-safe home is a smart choice. It keeps your family safe and helps the planet. By picking eco-friendly, fire-resistant materials and designing wisely, you build a home that’s safe, green, and efficient.
How to Maintain a Bushfire-Resistant Home in Australia
Having a bushfire-resistant home in Australia is just the start. You need to keep up with maintenance and get ready for the season. This way, your home and family will be safe from wildfires.
Routine Maintenance for Bushfire-Safe Homes in Australia
Keep your home safe by doing routine checks. Clean your gutters and roofs often to remove fire fuel. Check your windows and doors to make sure they seal well.
Test your sprinkler system and water to make sure they work. Sustainable Home Magazine says metal fittings in sprinklers can help fight fires.
Seasonal Preparations for Bushfire Season in Australia
As bushfire season gets closer, get ready more. Update your survival plan and prepare emergency kits. These kits should have water, food, first-aid, and important papers.
In winter, clean your gutters and make space around your home. In spring, clean gutters and remove long grass. In summer, keep a safe area around your home and watch fire danger levels. In autumn, remove undergrowth and check for fire hazards.
Maintaining Defensible Space Around Your Australian Home
Keeping a safe area around your home is key. Remove things that can catch fire, like dead leaves and long grass. FPA Australia says planting trees and shrubs far apart helps prevent fires.
Trim trees and shrubs often. Make sure plants near your home are healthy and not too big.
Regular Inspections and Upgrades for Australian Bushfire Safety
Get your home checked by experts regularly. They can find and fix any weak spots. Learn about new materials and tech to make your home safer.
The Australian Standard and Building Code of Australia have rules for safe building. Stay up-to-date to keep your home safe during bushfire season.
Source Links
- https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/bushfire-proof-house-design
- https://theconversation.com/how-our-bushfire-proof-house-design-could-help-people-flee-rather-than-risk-fighting-the-flames-182046
- https://www.baldwinobryan.com/bush-fire-resistant-houses.html
- https://hia.com.au/resources-and-advice/building-it-right/australian-standards/articles/construction-of-buildings-in-bushfire-prone-areas?srsltid=AfmBOooRjdMcd6GzvmdQFWLhWnERDEyMOn3namMGrB6m1aSV-nZXU6gE
- https://architecturerepublic.com.au/bushfire-design-rural-architecture-2/
- https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/Articles/2015/December/raising-the-standard-for-bushfire-proofing-houses
- https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/feb/09/bushfire-proof-houses-black-saturday-innovations
- https://www.csiro.au/en/news/All/Articles/2021/October/protecting-your-home-from-bushfire
- https://archiblox.com.au/how-to-design-and-build-a-fire-resistant-and-sustainable-home/
- https://thefifthestate.com.au/innovation/residential-2/how-to-design-your-house-for-fire-resistance-and-sustainability/
- https://www.domeshells.com.au/bush-fire-resistant-house/
- https://ruthnewman.com.au/how-can-you-design-a-bushfire-proof-home/
- https://australian.museum/learn/climate-change/mt-resilience/households-and-bushfire/
- https://www.greenlifeindustry.com.au/communications-centre-content/media-releases-1/2020-1/landscaping-for-bushfire
- http://www.cfa.vic.gov.au/plan-prepare/how-to-prepare-your-property/landscaping
- https://renew.org.au/sanctuary-magazine/ideas-advice/in-the-line-of-fire-garden-design-to-reduce-the-threat-of-bushfire/
- https://renew.org.au/sanctuary-magazine/ideas-advice/beating-bushfire-retrofitting-for-safer-homes-in-fire-prone-areas/
- https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-09/Guidelines-Rebuilding-after-bushfire-A-guide-to-planning-your-rebuild-Residential-rebuild-Sans-Case-Studies.pdf
- https://stories.uq.edu.au/momentum-magazine/2020/its-time-to-avoid-seesawing-from-one-disaster-to-another/index.html
- https://www.vba.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/99471/Guide-retrofit-your-home-for-better-bushfire-protection.pdf
- https://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au/plan-and-prepare/building-in-a-bush-fire-area
- https://cms.designpine.com.au/uploads/Design_Guide_4_building_in_bushfire_prone_areas_f28e7a15ec.pdf
- https://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/Development/Planning/Rebuilding-after-an-emergency/Your-building-journey/Cost-of-building-in-a-bushfire-prone-area
- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-18/australian-first-highest-bushfire-risk-rated-home-cheap-to-run/11517878
- https://study.unimelb.edu.au/find/microcredentials/urban-design-for-bushfire-resilient-homes/
- https://www.envirotecture.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/S54-Double-benefit-Designing-for-both-bushfire-resistance-and-thermal-performance.pdf
- http://greenrebuildtoolkit.com/chapter-item/why-site-planning-is-so-important-for-future-bushfire-resistance/
- https://greenrebuildtoolkit.com/chapter-item/building-in-bushfire-zones-advice-from-the-experts/
- https://hia.com.au/resources-and-advice/building-it-right/australian-standards/articles/construction-of-buildings-in-bushfire-prone-areas?srsltid=AfmBOooAMLFTL8mpcEDuQeWGmAtgfyenIxnDVdqta-nG73WFLs8TwwYN
- https://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/plan-prepare/before-a-fire-be-prepared/preparing-your-home-property/
- https://firesys.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/FS-14-Bushfire-Resistant-Design.pdf